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Thursday, March 11, 2010
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Glossary
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Additional Terms G through P
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- Gamekeeper’s Thumb.
- Tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
- Glenohumeral.
- The shoulder; consisting of the glenoid capsule, head of the humerus and labrum. The type of joint that allows 360-degree motion; a “ball and socket” joint.
- Grade 1 Injury.
- A mild injury in which a ligament, tendon or other musculoskeletal tissue may have been stretched or contused, but not torn or otherwise disrupted.
- Grade 2 Injury.
- A moderate injury when musculoskeletal tissue has been partially, but not totally, torn. A grade 2 injury will cause appreciable limitation in the function of the injured tissue.
- Grade 3 Injury.
- A severe injury in which tissue has been significantly torn or otherwise disrupted, causing a virtual total loss of function.
- Groin.
- Junction of the thigh and abdomen; location of muscles that rotate, flex and adduct the hip.
- Hematoma.
- Tumor-like mass produced by the accumulation of coagulated blood in a cavity.
- Hot Pack.
- Chemical pack that rests in water of approximately 160 degrees and is used for general therapeutic application.
- Hyperextension.
- Extreme extension of a limb or body part.
- Ice Massage.
- A small block of ice formed into a paper cup rubbed on an injury.
- Iliac Crest.
- Lateral edge of the hip, generally the site of a hip pointer.
- Inferior.
- Anatomically beneath, lower or toward the bottom.
- Inflammation.
- The body’s natural response to injury in which the involved site may display various degrees of pain, swelling, heat, redness and/or loss of function.
- Intermittent Compression Pump.
- Therapeutic modality that uses a pump to send air into a sleeve worn over an injury, on an intermittent basis, in order to disperse edema.
- Internal Rotation.
- Rotation of a joint or extremity medially or to the inside.
- Interosseus Membrane.
- Uniting membrane between the tibia and fibula that forms a collagenous fibrous tissue. It serves as an origin for many of the muscles of the lower leg and also acts to transmit stress from the tibia to the fibula.
- Isokinetic Exercise.
- Form of active resistive exercise in which the speed of limb movement is controlled by a preset limiting machine, such as Cybex or Biodex.
- Isometric Contraction.
- Muscular contraction in which tension is developed but no mechanical work is done. There is no appreciable joint movement, and the overall length of the muscles stays the same.
- Isotonic Contraction.
- A concentric or eccentric muscular contraction that results in movement of a joint or body part, as in lifting a weight.
- -itis.
- Suffix that refers to inflammation (for example, bursitis).
- Joint Mobilization.
- Passive traction and/or gliding movements applied to joint surfaces that maintain or restore normal joint motion.
- Lateral.
- To the outside of the body.
- Lesion.
- Wound, injury or tumor.
- Ligament.
- Band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints.
- Lumbosacral.
- Region of lower back comprising the lumbar and sacral spine.
- Mallet Finger.
- Injury of the fingertip in which the extension tendon is avulsed off the distal phalanx.
- Mandible.
- The jawbone.
- Manipulation.
- A passive movement applied to a body part.
- Medial.
- To the inside of the body.
- Metacarpals.
- Five long bones of the hand, running from the wrist to the fingers.
- Myositis.
- Inflammation of a muscle.
- Myositis Ossificans.
- Inflammation in a muscle resulting in the formation of a bone-like substance. Also known as “calcium deposit.”
- National Athletic Trainers’ Association.
- The certifying and governing body of the athletic training profession.
- National Basketball Trainers Association.
- The governing body of athletic trainers in the National Basketball Association.
- Necrotic.
- Relating to death of a portion of tissue.
- Neoprene.
- Lightweight rubber used in joint and muscle sleeves It is designed to provide support and/or insulation and heat retention to the area.
- Neuritis.
- Inflammation of a nerve.
- Olecranon Process.
- Bony projection of the ulna at the tip of the elbow.
- One-Repetition Maximum.
- The maximum amount of weight that can be lifted in a particular exercise at one time.
- Orthotic.
- Any device applied to or around the body in the care of physical impairment or disability, commonly used to control foot mechanics.
- Parasthesia.
- Sensation of numbness or tingling, indicating nerve irritation.
- Pathology.
- Study of the change of function and structure caused by injury or disease.
- Phalnax, Phalanges (pl.).
- Any bone(s) of the fingers or toes.
- Phlebitis.
- Inflammation of a vein.
- Plantar.
- Pertaining to the sole of the foot.
- Plantarflexion.
- Ankle motion such that the toes are pointed toward the ground.
- Posterior.
- At the back or rear, of the body.
- Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE).
- An approach to exercise whereby the load or resistance to the muscle is applied by some mechanical means.
- Pronation.
- Moving the hand into a palm-downward position or placing the foot into an abducted and everted position.
- Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
- An approach to therapeutic exercise for increasing range of motion based on the principles of functional human anatomy and neurophysiology.
- Proximal.
- Term describing the location of one anatomical body part that is closer to the midline of the body than another. For example, the elbow is proximal to the hand.
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